On the outside, northern British Columbia is a beautiful place. Look closer, though, and a different world appears. A much darker world. One of drilling, mercury-infested water and cancer. A place where people and land suffer the same. A place that disintegrates with each fire explosion in the starless night sky. A place they call Fractured Land.
It's a place of expanding industrial development that threatens to destroy the Dene people, land and culture. A land poisoned by unconventional gas. Where oil spills go undocumented, forgotten.
At the centre of this documentary is one young man who is trying to save this land and heal the wounds that reckless development has caused to both the ecosystem and its people.
Photo courtesy of fracturedland.com
Caleb Behn, an a young, emerging indigenous leader and law student at the University of Victoria, recalled the flare stacks that he saw in his home territory.
"We would look out over the land from the high country, where the medicines grow, late in the evening, and see these lights, all over. You can see them from 10 to 15 kilometres away because they are giant flames," he said. In his view, there is a clear connection between the gas development poisoning his land and children born with birth defects in the community.
Behn is an experienced hunter (he killed a moose on Sunday) who can handle himself in the wild, but he's taking on Big Oil and Gas where it hurts -- in corporate boardrooms and in the courts.
Photo courtesy of fracturedland.com
Vancouver-based filmmakers Fiona Rayher and Damien Gillis have been following the "modern-day warrior" for two years, from northern BC to New Zealand, capturing his story in Fractured Land. The film features interviews with writer Naomi Klein, federal NDP leader Thomas Mulcair, Council of Canadians chair Maude Barlow, writer Wade Davis and other influential voices.
Help Caleb and film crew finish the film."Fractured Land" crowd funding campaign ends January 18.
"It's really heartening. I feel amazingly-blessed to have the support," he said. "It's the testament of a lot of work, a lot of people put themselves, their reputations, on the line for what they believe in." .
Behn comes from a politically-active family of chiefs who instilled him with a strong sense of responsibility to look out for his people.
"Being a leader is being a servant. If you are responsible and you stand up for your people, sometimes that means you have to fight for what's right, you have to fight for what's important," he said.
When unconventional gas came to his people's territory, which soon became plagued by drugs, sexual abuse, alcohol and poor health care, Behn said that he felt it "inappropriate that the government would sell off all that land and take all that money not considering the impacts on the indigenous people or the local communities."
"They don't see what's happening here. The heavy development. The natural gas. The expansion industry. This gas has been going to tar sands for years, this gas has been the most energy-intensive, dirty gas ever produced in history," he continued, acknowledging that the gas is more expensive there than in Vancouver.
"It's strange that so much money, so much royalties, so much revenue comes from our territory. It makes me angry that people on the edges -- especially poor people, especially the indigenous -- have to keep giving and giving and giving. It's deeply unjust."
It doesn't help that some of the major environmental problems caused by fracking are invisible. Unlike an oil spill, the impact on the environment is not evident upon a first glance.
"To really understand the consequences of what's happening up here you have to look deeper. It's not as simple as people make it out to be. It's underground, literally two-to-three thousand metres under the earth where there are no cameras, where there are no people to see what they are doing," he said. "It's way more complicated right here because it's a fractured environment."
Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) involves deep drilling for "natural" gas, sending high-volumes of water, sand and chemicals into the earth. The practice is widespread throughout the region, with wells numbering in the tens of thousands, according to the film's official site.
Behn and his people have been living off the land for hundreds of years, and many feel that the development is destroying their environment.
"To us, it just looks like more trucks, more roads, more drilling rigs, more non-indigenous people who aren't from the territory coming in, more development," Behn recalls.
"They (the workers) come in big trucks, big rough men, trucks everywhere, and people just coming and going, going out to the oil and gas patch," he continued, noting that unlike in Fort McMurray, Alberta, where it's situated all in one place, it's spread out over a thousand square kilometres in Northern BC.
"What you see is a rally Friday night on pay-days. The guys come out of the bush with $30,000 in their pockets."
And what does it mean to Behn and his community to see the land being ravaged by industry?
"The land," he paused. "The land is the heart of our culture. Without the land our culture doesn't exist. The thing about our culture is that it's tied to the health of our people, it's tied to the vitality of our unique perspectives, our unique indigenous ways. The land is the heart and the water is the life blood."
But while the gas industry plays a huge role in the deterioration of the area, Behn said the issue is much more complicated, pointing out the large-scale hydro electric dams, third largest dam and hydroelectric generating station BC there, which produces mercury contamination.
"People can't eat fish from the river because of mercury issues," he said.
"There's been one gas development of some kind in the territory for the last 50 years," he said, oil spills that have "trashed" his grandfather's trapline.
He pointed out the consequences of ongoing expanding industrial development are hard to assess, birth defects, like the one he was born with (a cleft lip that caused him several years of painful surgeries). They are just a part of disproportionate consequences that resource development has had on rural, typically indigenous communities, noting there is a "significant" amount of cancer in indigenous population, including his family. Both of his grandfathers had cancer.
"Maybe it was the gas industry, maybe it was a combination of things, maybe because we eat fish from mercury-loaded water. These illnesses don't appear very easily. It's nearly impossible to prove that my mother ate meat, contaminated by a gas chemical. I can't go to the doctor and say, 'Hey, my kid is just a little bit less intelligent because they have been breathing toxins of low levels for the last 12 years. Can I prove that? No. But, do I have my suspicions? Yes. It's another reason why I went into law school," he said, adding that large amounts of small levels of toxic chemicals present in the environment can impact indigenous population, especially children.
"Up here, having bad doctors isn't uncommon...dying on your way to the hospital is common. We don't have resources."
"The Enbridge fight in particular has really blown out the questions about how energy works. We're a petro-state in many ways...Let's have a real dialogue and debate about this issue. Let's stop with the ridiculous, narrow minded, simplistic, left-versus-right, history-versus-environment debate," he said. "Let's get down to really complex questions about how unconventional energy, in Canada particularly the tar sands and gas work."
Behn admitted he comes from a rough place. His eyes have seen incredible events unfold. His brother was shot by the RCMP.
Today, the 31-year-old is working hard on "some intense legal stuff" in the University of Victoria while studying law. He has been hunting all his life and still involved in his traditional native ways of life: hunting, trapping, archery.
Photo courtesy of fracturedland.com
"That's why I have tattoos of traps on my body. That's why I have a feather tattoo on my arm. I literally wear pieces of the land on my body. It's close to me." Behn explained that every time he kills a moose, "which is the centre of [their] people", he cuts into his tattoo to show respect for that life.
"I'm shedding my blood with their blood. That's the connection. I give a small piece of myself back to the land."
"One of my friend's family members was poisoned, essentially, because of the unconventional gas, fracking," said Behn, adding that the family sued and fought courts for years unable to prove the leading cause of death.
"If you can't prove it, then it did not happen," he said.
Canada's carbon corridor, hydrocarbon project development between Alberta and BC
Filming Fractured Land
Photo courtesy of fracturedland.com
When Behn got involved in the project through mutual friends, he was just starting his second year in law school. He was surprised by the intense interest they showed in his work.
"We just met up for research. They were quite interested in me, which was really flattering, but (also) scary. I'm just a guy," he said.
Behn admitted there were some challenges involved with filming such an honest, important and pure documentary.
"You share your life, your heart, your problems, your fears, your hopes, your dreams, and, with my family especially, my family suffered a lot, my community suffered a lot, so to share this story is really hard."
"I trust Fiona and Damien. They are brilliant filmmakers, they're young, they believe in what they are doing. They made sacrifices too. I agreed to do this project, I agreed that I would share my story, story of my people, and territory and I sacrificed myself because all of us believe in this project, we all pitched in this, we paid for it with our credit cards. We all made sacrifices to make this happen."
Despite the difficulties, he said, he has no regrets given the importance of the issue.
"I think that it was the right choice. It was a responsible choice for my people...when this is a issue that no one cared about, especially in Vancouver."
"I hope people respect the fact that whether you like me or support me or not, the things that we're saying are really important for all Canadians, whether you're Conservative or NDP."
"Fractured Land" crowd funding campaign ends January 18.